Solar cell films
also known as thin film solar cells are used to harness electricity
from solar energy. These films can be easily installed on walls,
windows, and rooftops of residential and commercial buildings. They
are widely used in the residential, commercial, and industrial
sectors owing to their design and structure. A typical solar cell
film is classified under second generation photovoltaic systems. It
comprises amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and
copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). However, first generation
photovoltaic systems generally include crystalline silicon technology
such as single crystalline or multi-crystalline. Solar
cell films on account of their high flexibility can be used
at any location for electricity generation. Photovoltaic technology
possesses significant benefits over conventional fossil fuel
technology for electricity generation. It offers zero carbon emission
coupled with reduced electricity generation costs. The operation and
maintenance costs associated with solar PV systems are also very low
as compared with conventional fossil fuel technology for electricity
generation.
Conventional thin
film solar cells owing to their stability and high efficiency offer
electricity at low costs. Companies across the globe are majorly
focusing on research & development and commercialization of thin
film PV technologies, which involve amorphous silicon, cadmium
telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide.
Increasing demand
for electricity especially in the developing countries of Asia
Pacific and Latin America has boosted the demand for energy, which in
turn, has propelled the need for alternative/renewable sources of
energy, unlike solar cell films. Regulatory policies, fiscal
incentives, and public financing are the other factors promoting the
use of solar energy in the residential, industrial and commercial
sectors.
The global solar
film market is dominated by cadmium telluride (CdTe). It held the
highest market share in terms of volume in 2014 owing to the high
efficiency, longer life span, and low manufacturing costs of these
cells as compared to other solar cell films. High sunlight absorbing
power and higher electricity generation rate make cadmium telluride
solar cell films a preferred choice over other solar cell films for
generating electricity. Depleting fossil fuel reserves, increasing
pollution levels, and high availability of solar energy are the
primary driving factors for the solar cell films market.
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In terms of end-use
segment, the commercial sector holds the highest market share owing
to the high electricity demand, especially during peak hours.
Offices, shopping complexes, malls, and multiplexes are some of the
potential customers of solar cell films. Once installed, solar cell
films provide unlimited power supply and have low maintenance costs
as compared to nuclear power plants.
In terms of
geography, the global solar films market has been segmented into six
regions: North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, South America, the
Middle East, and Africa. Europe dominated the global solar cell films
market in 2014. It has witnessed substantial installations of solar
cell films in various countries, namely Germany, Russia, France, the
U.K., and Spain. Asia Pacific was the second-largest market for solar
films in 2014. Increasing population and rapid industrialization are
some of the key drivers of the solar cell films market in Asia
Pacific. North America is also a potential market for solar cell
films owing to the high demand for electricity in the U.S. and
Canada. The U.S. is considered as a leading energy consuming country
in the world. Increasing demand for electricity from conventional
energy resources such as coal and natural gas increases pollution
levels across the globe. Key players in the global solar cell films
market include Heliatek GmbH, DUNMORE Corporation, 3M, Advanced
Energy Industries, Inc., First Solar, Inc., Lucent CleanEnergy, Stion
Corporation, Solar Frontier K.K., Kaneka Corporation, Hanergy Holding
Group Ltd., and Prism Solar Technologies, Inc.
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