Base
oils can be termed as the building blocks of oils and greases. These
are actually lubrication grade oils obtained by refining crude oil or
by chemical synthesis. Base oils normally constitute 70% to 99% of a
lubricant’s formulation. It is estimated that the global demand for
base oil was around 36,614.3 kilo tons in 2014. The overall base oil
market is anticipated to be worth US$30,973.1 million by 2020.
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Base Oil Groups: Group II and
Group III Base Oils Gradually Taking Over Global Base Oil Market
The
American Petroleum Institute has classified base oils into five
categories:
Group
I Base Oils : These are the cheapest base oils in the market as
they are solvent-refined. Presently, these oils account for the
largest share in the global base oil market owing to the low cost.
However, the consumption of Group I base oil is gradually declining
and consumers are shifting to Group II and Group III base oils which
are of higher quality and meet the various emission norms in the
vehicles. The temperature range for Group I base oils is between 32
to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. These oils contain less than 90%
saturates, and have a viscosity-index range of 80 to 120. SN150,
BS150, and others are various types of Group I base oils.
Group
II Base Oils : These oils are manufactured by hydrocracking and
due to the presence of saturated hydrocarbon molecules, these oils
exhibit better anti-oxidation properties. These oils are clearer in
color with less than 0.03% sulphur content and a viscosity index of
80 to 120. Rising demand for Group II base oils is expected to
maximize its production capacity by 2020. 500N, 600N, and others are
the types of Group II base oils.
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Group
III Base Oils : Group III base oils are extremely hydrocracked
under high pressure and are heated through a long process to obtain
purer base oil. These oils are also known as synthesized
hydrocarbons. Group III base oils are more refined than Group II base
oils and have a viscosity index above 120. 4cSt, 6cSt, and others are
the different types of Group III base oils available in the global
base oils market.
Group
IV Base Oils : These synthetic base oils have a wider temperature
range and are used in extreme cold conditions and high heat
applications.
Group
V Base Oils : These include all other base oils such as phosphate
ester, silicone, polyester, biolubes, and others. These are usually
mixed with other base oils to improve the oil’s properties.
Group
II and Group III Base Oils: The Most Used Automotive Lubricants
Browse
Press Release of Global Base Oil Market:
It
has been studied that automobile engines can run up to 7,500 to
25,000 miles with Group II or Group III base oils. Group II base oils
also meet the standards of European and North American fuel
efficiency protocols and stringent emission regulations. In fact,
automotive lubricant standards in Europe and the U.S. are propelling
the base oil market in Latin America. Owing to high demand for Group
II base oils, a lack of domestic production in South America is
noted. The price of Group II oil is higher than that of the Group I
and it also witnesses increasing demand due to which manufacturers
are setting up new Base II oil hubs. Manufacturers such as Chevron
are establishing additional storage facility for Group II base oil.
With rapid growth in automotive industry worldwide, the base oil
market is expected to flourish for long.
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